A note on Jacobi's generating function for the Jacobi polynomials

Classical hypergeometric functions, ({}_2F_1) (33C05) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Fourier series in special orthogonal functions (Legendre polynomials, Walsh functions, etc.) (42C10)

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Some rather elementary identities in the theory of the Gaußian hypergeometric series are used here to present a simple proof of Jacobi's generating function for the classical Jacobi polynomials \(P_ n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x):\) \[ (*)\quad \sum^{\infty}_{n=0}P_ n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)t^ n=2^{\alpha +\beta}R^{-1}(1-t+R)^{- \alpha}(1+t+R)^{-\beta}, \] where \(R=(1-2xt+t^ 2)^{1/2}\). For instances of several other interesting proofs of (*), the reader is referred to a recent book on the subject by the author and \textit{H. L. Manocha} [A treatise on generating functions (1984; Zbl 0535.33001); especially see p. 82].

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