A numerical criterion for simultaneous normalization

Abstract: We investigate conditions for "simultaneous normalizability" of a family of reduced schemes, i.e., the normalization of the total space normalizes, fiber by fiber, each member of the family. The main result (under more general conditions) is that a flat family of reduced equidimensional projective complex varieties X_y with parameter y ranging over a normal space--algebraic or analytic--admits a simultaneous normalization if and only if the Hilbert polynomial of the integral closure of the structure sheaf O_{X_y} is locally independent of y. When the X_y are curves projectivity is not needed, and the statement reduces to the well known delta-constant criterion of Teissier. Proofs are basically algebraic, analytic results being related via standard techniques (Stein compacta, etc.) to more abstract algebraic ones.

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Let \(f:X\to Y\) be a scheme map, flat with all fibres geometrically reduced. A simultaneous normalization of \(f\) is a finite map \(v:Z\to X\) such that \(\bar{f}:=f\circ v\) is flat with all fibres geometrically normal and such that for each \(y\in f(X)\) the induced map of fibres \(v_y:\bar{f}^{-1}(y)\to f^{-1} (y)\) is a normalization map. The main result is that a flat family \(f:X\to Y\) of reduced equidimensional projective \(\mathbb C\)-varieties with normal parameter space admits a simultaneous normalization if and only if the Hilbert polynomial of the integral closure \(\overline{\mathcal O}_{f^{-1}(y)}\) is locally independent of \(y\). In case the fibres are curves projectivity is not needed and the statement reduces to the \(\delta\)-constant criterion of Teissier.

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