A transonic panel method for helicopter flows
The authors consider the partial differential equation for the velocity potential \(\Phi\) of a compressible steady flow, written in the form \(\nabla^2\Phi= \sigma\), where \(\sigma= \frac{u^2} {a^2} \Phi_{xx}+ \frac{v^2} {a^2} \Phi_{yy}+ \frac{w^2} {a^2} \Phi_{zz}+ \frac{2uv} {a^2} \Phi_{xy}+ \frac{2vw} {a^2} \Phi_{yz}+ \frac{2wu} {a^2} \Phi_{zx}\). Taking into account the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, the equation is transformed with Green's third identity to an integral equation for \(\Phi\), involving volume and surface integrals. Splitting the surface integral into the components for the body \({\mathbf S}\) and the vortex layer \({\mathbf W}\) yields: \[ \Phi= \frac{1}{4\pi} \iint\limits_{\mathbf S}\tau \frac 1r d{S}-\frac{1}{4\pi} \iint\limits_{\mathbf S}\mu{\mathbf n}\cdot\nabla \biggl(\frac 1r\biggr) d{S}-\frac{1}{4\pi} \iint\limits_{\mathbf W} \mu_W{\mathbf n}\cdot\nabla \biggl(\frac 1r\biggr) d{W}-\frac{1}{4\pi} \iiint\limits_{V} \sigma\frac 1r d{V}. \] This equation is studied by a collocation method on a finite number of discrete points, with a Cartesian field grid and with a discretization procedure. An iterative scheme is established, taking into account that all three components -- body, wake and field -- influence each other and also themselves. The procedure is applied to the calculation of pressure distribution on the Caradonna rotor under various flight conditions. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0877.00013].
- Compressible potential flow around a helicopter rotor in arbitrary motion
- Boundary integral equation for wave equation with moving boundary and applications to compressible potential aerodynamics of airplanes and helicopters
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 809430
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 425688
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