A typical number is extremely non-normal

Abstract: Fix a positive integer

N g e q 2

. For a real number

x i n [0, 1]

and a digit

i i n 0, 1, ..., N - 1

, let

P i_{i} (x, n)

denote the frequency of the digit

i

among the first

n

N

-adic digits of

x

. It is well-known that for a typical (in the sense of Baire)

x i n [0, 1]

, the frequencies diverge as

n i g h t a r r o w i n f t y

. In this paper we provide a substantial strengthening of this result. Namely, we show that for a typical

x i n [0, 1]

any regular linear average of the sequence

(P i_{i} (x, n))_{n}

also diverges spectacularly.

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