A unifying framework for complex-valued eigenfunctions via the Cartan embedding
Let \((M,g)\) be a compact Riemannian manifold. Following the terminology of the paper under review, a complex-valued function \(\varphi:M\to \mathbb C\) is called a \((\lambda,\mu)\)-\textit{eigenfunction} (\(\lambda,\mu\in\mathbb C\)) if\N\[\N\begin{aligned}\N\Delta \varphi &= \lambda \varphi,\\\N\kappa(\varphi,\varphi) &= \mu \varphi^2,\N\end{aligned}\N\]\Nwhere \(\Delta\) denotes the Laplace-Beltrami operator (written as \(\tau\) in the article), and \(\kappa\) is the complex bilinear conformality operator defined by\N\[\N\kappa(\phi,\psi)=g(\nabla\phi,\nabla\psi), \qquad \phi,\psi\in C^\infty(M,\mathbb C).\N\]\NGudmundsson and various collaborators have studied such eigenfunctions in different contexts, including explicit constructions on compact symmetric spaces; see for example [\textit{E. Ghandour} and \textit{S. Gudmundsson}, Adv. Geom. 23, No. 3, 315--321 (2023; Zbl 1528.53054); Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 64, No. 2, Paper No. 15, 18 p. (2023; Zbl 1523.31012); \textit{S. Gudmundsson} and \textit{A. Sakovich}, Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 33, No. 4, 343--356 (2008; Zbl 1176.58011); \textit{S. Gudmundsson} et al., J. Geom. Anal. 32, No. 5, Paper No. 147, 16 p. (2022; Zbl 1486.31020); \textit{S. Gudmundsson} and \textit{M. Sobak}, Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 57, No. 1, 217--223 (2020; Zbl 1439.31008)].\N\NThe article under review develops a unifying framework for constructing such eigenfunctions on compact irreducible symmetric spaces of classical type, excluding those of group type (i.e., spaces of the form \(\tfrac{K\times K}{K}\), with \(K\) a compact simple Lie group).\N\NThe main tool is the classical Cartan embedding defined by \( \widehat\Phi:G\to G\), \(\widehat\Phi(x)=x\cdot\sigma(x^{-1})\), associated with a symmetric triple \((G,K,\sigma)\).
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