Actions and partial actions of inductive constellations.
A semigroup \(S\) possessing a unary operation \(^+\) is called a `left restriction semigroup' if (in addition to the associative law) it satisfies the following identities: \(s^+s=s\); \(s^+t^+=t^+s^+\); \((s^+t)^+=s^+t^+\); \(st^+=(st)^+s\). Left restriction semigroups possess a natural partial order given by \(s\leq t\Leftrightarrow s=s^+t\). A mapping \(\theta\) between left restriction semigroups is called a `strong premorphism' if \(s\theta t\theta=(s\theta)^+(st)\theta\) and \(s\theta^+\leq s^+\theta\). Let \(P\) be a set, let \(\cdot\) be a partial binary operation and let \(^+\) be a unary operation on \(P\) such that \(\{x^+:x\in P\}=E\subseteq E(P)\). The authors call \((P,\cdot,{^+}\)) a `left constellation' if the following axioms hold: (C1) if \(\exists x\cdot(y\cdot z)\), then \(\exists (x\cdot y)\cdot z\), in which case, \(x\cdot(y\cdot z)=(x\cdot y)\cdot z\); (C2) \(\exists x\cdot(y\cdot z)\) if, and only if, \(\exists x\cdot y\) and \(\exists y\cdot z\); (C3) for each \(x\in P\), \(x^+\) is the unique left identity of \(x\) in \(E\); (C4) if \(a\in P\), \(g\in E\) and \(\exists a\cdot g\), then \(a\cdot g=a\). If a partial order \(\leq\) is defined on \(P\) satisfying certain conditions, then the constellation \((P,\cdot,{^+},\leq)\) is called `ordered'. A constellation is called `inductive' if every two elements \(e\) and \(f\) of \(E\) have a greatest lower bound. Mappings between inductive constellations satisfying certain conditions are called `ordered pre-radiants'. The main results are as follows. Let \(P\) be an inductive constellation acting partially on a set \(X\). Then the partial action of \(P\) can be lifted to an action of \(\text{Sz}(P)\) -- the Szendrei expansion of \(P\) -- on \(X\). Inductive constellations and ordered pre-radiants form a category isomorphic to the category of left restriction semigroups and strong premorphisms.
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