Adaptive ?-tracking control of activated sludge processes

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The gain-varying output feedback controller for an activated sludge process is proposed. The controller keeps the concentration of biomass proportional to the influent flow rate. The so-called \(\lambda\)-tracking technique is used in which the first derivative of the controller gain is determined by a nonlinear function of the tracking error. The \(\lambda\)-tracking (the error is kept inside the \(\lambda\)-strip) is proved for a model of an activated sludge process with unknown reaction kinetics. The effect of certain design parameters of the controller on the dynamics of the closed-loop system in the presence of input constraints is analyzed. The simulation examples demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed simple controller.











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