Adiabatic theorems for generators of contracting evolutions

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Abstract: We develop an adiabatic theory for generators of contracting evolution on Banach spaces. This provides a uniform framework for a host of adiabatic theorems ranging from unitary quantum evolutions through quantum evolutions of open systems generated by Lindbladians all the way to classically driven stochastic systems. In all these cases the adiabatic evolution approximates, to lowest order, the natural notion of parallel transport in the manifold of instantaneous stationary states. The dynamics in the manifold of instantaneous stationary states and transversal to it have distinct characteristics: The former is irreversible and the latter is transient in a sense that we explain. Both the gapped and gapless cases are considered. Some applications are discussed.


This paper deals with solving equations of the form \(\epsilon \dot{x}(s)=L(s)x(s)\), where \(L(s)\) is, for any fixed \(s\), the generator of a contraction semigroup. It provides a general setting for the adiabatic theory of the systems governed by a family of linear operators generating a contraction in a Banach space that includes unitary quantum evolutions, quantum evolutions of open systems generated by Lindbladians, and classically driven stochastic systems. Two adiabatic theorems are presented: one when \(0\) is an isolated eigenvalue of \(L(s)\) and the other when it is not. In the first case, an adiabatic expansion for the solution is given showing different characteristics between the motion within \(\mathrm{ker} L(s)\) and the motion transversal to it. For the latter case, it is proven that the dynamics of the system is constrained to the manifold of instantaneous stationary states and is parallel transported along with the manifold as \(\epsilon \to 0\). Lastly, the results are applied to describe adiabatic evolution driven by Lindblad operators and an evolution of the probability distribution of a continuous-time Markov process.




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