Algebraic Relations Between Sine and Cosine Values

Denote by \(\mathcal T=\overline{\mathbb Q}[\cos\alpha ,\sin\alpha;\alpha\in\overline{\mathbb Q}]\). Let us introduce the ring of the polynomials with algebraic coefficients in countably many variables \(X_\alpha\), \(Y_\alpha\), \(\alpha\in\overline{\mathbb Q}\) and set \(\mathcal A:=\overline{\mathbb Q}[(X_\alpha,Y_\alpha)_{\alpha\in\overline{\mathbb Q}}]\). Let \(\mathrm{ev}\) denote the evaluation map \(\mathcal A\) to \(\mathcal T\) defined by \(\mathrm{ev}(X_\alpha)=\cos \alpha\) and \(\mathrm{ev}(Y_\alpha)=\sin \alpha\), where \(\alpha\in\overline{\mathbb Q}\). Let \(\mathcal J\) denote the ideal of \(\mathcal A\) spanned by the polynomials \(X_\alpha^2+Y_\alpha^2-1\), \(X_{\alpha+\beta}-X_\alpha X_\beta +Y_\alpha Y_\beta\) and \(Y_{\alpha+\beta}-Y_\alpha X_\beta -X_\alpha Y_\beta\), where \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) run along \(\overline{\mathbb Q}\). The map \(\mathrm{ev}\) allows us to define a homomorphism of \(\overline{\mathbb Q}\)-algebras \(\overline{\mathrm{ev}}\) from the quotient algebra \(\mathcal A/\mathcal J\) to \(\mathcal T\). Then the authors prove that the map \(\overline {\mathrm{ev}}:\mathcal A/\mathcal J\to\mathcal T\) is an isomorphism.

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