Algebraic aspects of the background field method

Abstract: We discuss some algebraic properties of the background field method. We introduce an extra gauge-fixing term for the background gauge field right at the beginning in the action in such a way that BRST invariance is preserved. The background effective action is considered and it is shown to satisfy both the Slavnov-Taylor identities and the Ward identities. This allows to prove the background equivalence theorem by means of the standard techniques. We show that the Legendre transform W_{bg} of the background gauge invariant action gives the same physical amplitudes as the original one we started with. Moreover, we point out that W_{bg} cannot in general be derived from a classical action by the Gell-Mann-Low formula. Finally, we show that the BRST doublet generated from the background field does not modify the anomaly of the original underlying gauge theory. The proof is algebraic and makes no use of arguments based on power-counting.

Review text

The authors study a generic gauge theory. Here \(A_{a\mu}\): gauge fields, \(B_n\): Lagrange multipliers in the gauge fixing, \(V_{a\mu}\): the background fields, \(\Omega_{a\mu}\): the BRST partner of \(V_{a\mu}\), and \(\overline\theta_a\), \(\theta_a\): the Faddeev-Popov fields. They consider the generating functional \(W\) of the Green functions (in \(Z[J,V,\dots]= \exp(iW)\)) associated to the action \(\Gamma^{(0)}[A,V]\), with external currents \(J\), \(K\), \(\eta\), \(\overline\eta\) coupled to \(A\), \(B\), \(\overline\theta\), \(\theta\). The BRST invariance corresponds to S-T identity \(SW= 0\). Let \[ \widetilde Z[J,V,\dots]= \exp(i\widetilde W)\equiv Z[J, V,\dots]\exp \left\{-i \int d^4x VJ\right\}, \] \(\widetilde A= \partial_J\widetilde W\), and \(\widetilde\Gamma[\widetilde A, V]= \widetilde W- \int d^4x J\widetilde A-\cdots\). They prove a theorem of equivalence for the constructions ``by \(\Gamma[A, V]\) and ``by \(\widetilde\Gamma[0, V]|_{V= A}\). \(\beta_1(x)\): external sources coupled to BRST invariant quantities, and \[ W_{bg}[J,\beta,\dots]= \widetilde\Gamma[0, V,\beta,\dots]+ \int d^4x JV+ \int d^4x(KB- \eta\overline\theta- \overline\eta\theta). \] They prove the physical equivalence \[ \delta^{(n)}\{W[0,V,\beta,\dots]- W_{bg}[J, \beta,\dots]\}/\delta\beta_{i_1}(x_1)\cdots \delta\beta_{i_n}(x_n)|_{J= 0=\beta}= 0. \] Finally, they give an improved proof that the extended BRST transformation \(sV_a^\mu= \Omega_a^\mu\), \(s\Omega_a^\mu= 0\) does not change the anomaly properties of the S-T identity.

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