Algebraic integers as sums of polynomial values
In this paper, the author examines the singular series in the Waring-Siegel problem. Let \(K\) be an algebraic field of degree \(n\) over the rationals, \(J\) the ring of integers of \(K\), and \(f(u)=\alpha_0+\alpha_1 u+\cdots+\alpha_k u^k \in T\) with \(\alpha_i \in K\). Under suitable restrictions it is possible to find the number of representations of a totally positive \(\lambda\) in the form \(\lambda=f(\beta_1)+\cdots+f(\beta_s)\). In order to prove that the number of representations is positive, it is necessary to determine when the factors \(A(s, \lambda, k)\) of the singular series are different from \(0\). Let \(G(q, f)\) be the least integer \(s\) with the following property. There exists \(c\) (depending on various parameters) such that for every totally positive integer \(\lambda\), with \(|\lambda^{(l)}| \le q(N(\lambda))^{1/n}\) \((1\le l\le n)\), \(N(\lambda)>c\), the function \(A(s, \lambda, h)>0\). If no such \(s\) exists, we put \(G(q, f)=\infty\). Theorem: Let \(J(f)\) be the additive subgroup of \(J\) generated by all \(f(\gamma)\), \(\gamma \in J\). (a) If for \(\delta \in J\), \(J(f) \ne J(f-f(\delta)) \), then \(G(q, f)=\infty\) for all \(q>1\). (b) If there exists at least one \(\delta \in J\) such that \(J(f)=J(f-f(\delta))\), then \[ G(q, f) \le n((k-1) 2^{k+1} - 1)+1\quad\text{ for all }q>1. \]
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