Algebraic nonsolvability of the problem of existence of holomorphic first integrals
Moduli and deformations for ordinary differential equations (e.g., Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation) (32G34) Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Bifurcations of limit cycles and periodic orbits in dynamical systems (37G15)
This very interesting work can be considered as a certain continuation of the works of Mattei and Houssu on the first integrals and holonomy. The author proves that the existence of an analytic first integral of the system \(\dot x= f(x,y)\), \(\dot y= g(x,y)\) with \(f,g\) analytic is an algebraically insolvable one (in the sense of Definition 2.1). This fact is announced in Theorem 2.3 and proved by showing the non-semialgebraicity of a certain set. As the problem of existence of the first integral in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) is equivalent to the same problem in \(\mathbb{C}^2\), the author begins with the complexification and treats the question in the complex case, using desingularisation and this in a very clear, explicit and natural way. The conjecture is made that no finite-order jet is sufficient to claim that any extension of it has a holomorphic first integral. This conjecture is proved in the nilpotent case (in the sense of Cerreau and Mattei) in Chapter 3 ``Perturbation of the holonomy in the nilpotent case.
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