Algebraic properties of Airy operators of small order
Differential algebra (12H05) Algebraic aspects (differential-algebraic, hypertranscendence, group-theoretical) of ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M15) Stokes phenomena and connection problems (linear and nonlinear) for ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M40)
The Airy operators are defined by the family of differential operators \(P_n (\partial)+Q_m(x),\) with \(\partial=d/dx\) and \(P_n\) and \(Q_m\) being polynomials over the complex field of degrees \(n\) and \(m\) respectively. This family is a natural generalization of the classical Airy operator \(\partial^2-x\), and it was introduced by \textit{N. M. Katz} [Invent. Math. 87, 13--61 (1987; Zbl 0609.12025)]. In that paper Katz studied the Galois groups of the above family for \(n , m\) relatively prime. These results can be viewed as a generalization of the well-known fact that the Galois group of the classical Airy operator is \(\text{SL}(2,{\mathbb C})\) [\textit{I. Kaplansky}, An introduction to differential algebra, Paris: Hermann (1957; Zbl 0083.03301), 2nd ed. (1996; Zbl 0954.12500)].NEWLINENEWLINEThe paper under review is devoted to the study of some algebraic properties of the family of Airy operators when \(n, m\) are not relatively prime and inf\((n,m)\leq 3\).
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