Almost regular spaces and universal elements

MaRDI QIDQ6589531zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Athanasios Megaritis, F. Sereti

Publication date 19 August 2024

Published in Houston Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

zbMATH Keywords

almost regular space dense set regular point universal space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Basic constructions in general topology (54B99) Embedding (54C25)

Review text

A point \(x\) of a topological space \(X\) is called regular, if for any open subset \(U\) of the space \(X\) such that \(x\in U\), there exists an open set \(V\) for which \(x\in V \subset \overline V \subset U\). The space \(X\) is almost regular if it has a dense set of regular points. If \(\mathbb L\) is a class of topological spaces, then a space \(L\in \mathbb L\) is called universal in \(\mathbb L\) if every \(X\in \mathbb L\) is homeomorphic to subspace of \(L\). The authors point out that, given two classes \(\mathbb L_1\) and \(\mathbb L_2\) with universal elements, the class \(\mathbb L_1 \cap \mathbb L_2\) does not necessarily have universal elements. To avoid this situation they introduce a very technical notion of a saturated class and note that every saturated class has universal elements and the intersection of two saturated classes is also a saturated class and hence it has universal elements. The main result of the paper is the theorem which states that, for any infinite cardinal \(\kappa\), the class of almost regular \(T_0\)-spaces of weight not exceeding \(\kappa\) is saturated and hence it has universal elements.

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