Almost sure Assouad-like dimensions of complementary sets

Abstract: Given a non-negative, decreasing sequence

a

with sum

1

, we consider all the closed subsets of

[0, 1]

such that the lengths of their complementary open intervals are given by the terms of

a

, the so-called complementary sets. In this paper we determine the almost sure value of the

P h i

-dimensions of these sets given a natural model of randomness. The

P h i

-dimensions are intermediate Assouad-like dimensions which include the Assouad and quasi-Assouad dimensions as special cases. The answers depend on the size of

P h i

, with one size behaving like the Assouad dimension and the other, like the quasi-Assouad dimension.

Review text

Let \(a=(a_j)\) be a decreasing sequence of positive real numbers such that \(\sum_{j=1}^\infty a_j=1\). Denote by \(\mathcal{C}_a\) the collection of all closed subsets of the interval \([0, 1]\) (of Lebesgue measure zero) of the form \[ E=[0,1] \setminus \bigcup U_j \] where \(\{U_j\}\) is a disjoint family of open subintervals of \([0,1]\) with length \(|U_j|=a_j\). In \(\mathcal{C}_a\), there is a special element which is called Cantor set associated with \(a\). It is denoted by \(C_a\) and defined as follows. First, remove from \([0,1]\) an open interval of length \(a_1\) (whose position is uniquely determined by the construction and the assumption \(\sum_{j=1}^\infty a_j=1\)), leaving two closed subintervals \(A_0\) (to the left) and \(A_1\) (to the right). Then, remove open intervals of lengths \(a_2\) and \(a_3\) from \(A_0\) and \(A_1\) respectively, leaving two closed subintervals in each of \(A_0\) and \(A_1\). Repeating this process in the usual Cantor construction fashion, we obtain \(C_a\). By constructing a probability measure on \(\mathcal{C}_a\), the authors give the almost sure value of the upper and lower \(\Phi\)-dimensions. Precisely, let \(\Psi(x)=\log |\log x|/|\log x|\) and suppose \(a\) is level comparable (Definition 3). If \(\Phi(x)\gg \Psi(x)\) as \(x\to 0\), then almost every element of \(\mathcal{C}_a\) has the same upper and lower \(\Phi\)-dimensions as those of \(C_a\); while if \(\Phi(x)\ll \Psi(x)\) as \(x\to 0\), then almost every element of \(\mathcal{C}_a\) has upper \(\Phi\)-dimension \(1\) and lower \(\Phi\)-dimension \(0\). The authors mention that they do not have any result in the case \(\Phi \sim \Psi\). Remark that the \(\Phi\)-dimensions which were first introduced by the same authors in [J. Fractal Geom. 8, No. 3, 201--245 (2021; Zbl 1485.28006)], are bi-Lipschitz invariant Assouad-like dimensions, range between box and Assouad dimensions. The quasi-Assouad dimensions and \(\theta\)-Assouad spectrum are also special examples of \(\Phi\)-dimensions. The almost sure results of the present paper are new even for the Assouad dimensions.

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