An elementary construction of complex patterns in nonlinear Schroumldinger equations
complex patterns in nonlinear Schrödinger equationsexistenceparticular clusters of spikespositive solutionsolutionstanding waves
Complex behavior and chaotic systems of ordinary differential equations (34C28) Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C37) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Strange attractors, chaotic dynamics of systems with hyperbolic behavior (37D45) Invariant measures for infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L40)
The paper is devoted to particular solutions (standing waves) to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation \[ i \hbar \partial_t \psi = - (2m)^{-1}\hbar^2 \partial_{xx} \psi + W(x) \psi - \gamma |\psi|^{p-1} \psi,\quad p>1, \] in the case when \(\hbar\) tends to zero. These solutions are of the form \(\psi(x,t) = \exp( - i E t / \hbar) u(x)\) with \(u : {\mathbb{R}} \to {\mathbb{R}}\). This leads to the study of the equation \( - \varepsilon^2 u + V u = |u|^{p-1} u\) in \({\mathbb{R}}\) with \(\varepsilon\) as a small parameter. Let \(x_1, \dots x_m\) be local minima or maxima for the function \(V\). The authors prove the existence of a solution \(u_{\varepsilon}\) having particular clusters of spikes around \(x_1, \dots x_m\), where a (positive) spike around a point \(\xi\) is a solution \(u_{\varepsilon}\) to the equation \( - \varepsilon^2 u + V u = |u|^{p-1} u\) with a local maximum in a point \(\xi_{\varepsilon} \to \xi\) and such that the function \(v_{\varepsilon}(y) = u_{\varepsilon}(\xi_{\varepsilon} + \varepsilon y)\) converges uniformly (\(\varepsilon \to 0\)) on a compact set around \(\xi\) to the positive solution of \( - w + V(\xi) w = w^p\), \(w'(0) = 0\).
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