An extremal problem for trigonometric polynomials
Let \({\mathcal T}_n\) be the set of all real trigonometric polynomials of degree \(n\). Let \[ T_n(x)= \sum^n_{k= 0}(a_k\cos kx+ b_k\sin kx)\text{ and }\widehat T_n(x)= \{a_0,a_1,\dots, a_n, b_1,\dots, b_n\}. \] Define \[ \|\widehat T_n\|_\infty= \max\{| a_0|, | a_1|,\dots,| a_n|, | b_1|,\dots,| b_n|\}, \] \[ C_{np}= \inf\{\| T_n\|_p: T_n\in{\mathcal T}_n, \|\widehat T_n\|_\infty= 1\},\quad 1\leq p\leq\infty. \] Then \(C_{np}\) is just the largest possible value of the constant \(C\) in the inequality \[ \|\widehat T_n\|_\infty\leq {1\over C} \| T_n\|_p. \] The main result is Theorem 2.1: (A) For \(1\leq p\leq\infty\), \(\alpha_p\leq C_{np}\leq \alpha_p\left(1+{1\over n}\right)\), where \(\alpha_1= \pi\) and for \(1<p\leq\infty\) \(p'={p\over p-1}\), \[ \alpha_p= \pi\Biggl( \int^\pi_{-\pi} |\cos x|^{p'} dx\Biggr)^{{1\over p'}}= \pi\Biggl({2^{p'-1} \Gamma({p'\over 2}+ 1)^2\over \pi\Gamma(p'+ 1)}\Biggr)^{{1\over p'}}. \] (B) If \(p= {2s\over 2s- 1}\) so that \(p'= 2s\), \(s\in\mathbb{N}\), then for \(n\geq 2s-1\), \(C_{np}= \alpha_p\). The problem here to find \(C_{np}\) may be regarded as an analogue to the important problem to find the exact constants in the inequalities between different norms of trigonometric polynomials. The authors also give an explanation for the motivation of the question and propose some related open questions.
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