An initial value approach to the inverse Helmholtz problem at fixed frequency
Fourier methodHelmholtz equationinitial value methodsinverse Helmholtz probleminverse problemreconstruction of a breast phantomSommerfeld radiation conditionstability
Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Inverse problems for PDEs (35R30) Spectral, collocation and related methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M70) Applications to the sciences (65Z05) Biomedical imaging and signal processing (92C55)
The inverse Helmholtz problem calls for the determination of the function \(f\) in \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n\) from the boundary values \(g(\theta,x) =u(x)\), \(x\in \partial \Omega\) of the solution \(u\) of the Helmholtz equation \[ \Delta u(x)+ k^2 \bigl(1+ f(x)\bigr) u(x)= 0, \quad u(x)= e^{ikx \cdot \theta} +w(x) \tag{1} \] in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), where \(w\) satisfies the Sommerfeld radiation condition. The number \(k>0\) is the frequency of the incident plane wave with direction \(\theta\in S^{n-1}\). We assume \(f=0\) outside \(\Omega\). \(g\) is measured for a single fixed frequency \(k\) and all \(\theta\in S^{n-1}\). The mathematical theory of this inverse problem is fairly well developed. The purpose of the present paper is to give a rigourous mathematical justification of the method already described by \textit{F. Natterer} and \textit{F. Wuebbeling} [(*) Inverse Probl. 11, No. 6, 1225-1232 (1995; Zbl 0839.35146)] and to demonstrate its efficacy by computer simulations. An essential feature in (*) is the use of initial value methods for the Helmholtz equation. We work with initial value problems of second order. The stability analysis is given in \S 2. In \S 3 we describe our method for the inverse problem in a continuous setting. The necessary discretizations have been described in (*). In \S 4 we report the results of the reconstruction of a breast phantom from simulated data. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0871.00041].
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