An intermittent Onsager theorem
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Abstract: For any regularity exponent , we construct non-conservative weak solutions to the 3D incompressible Euler equations in the class . By interpolation, such solutions belong to for approaching as approaches . Hence this result provides a new proof of the flexible side of the -based Onsager conjecture. Of equal importance is that the intermittent nature of our solutions matches that of turbulent flows, which are observed to possess an -based regularity index exceeding . Thus our result does not imply, and is not implied by, the work of Isett [A proof of Onsager's conjecture, Annals of Mathematics, 188(3):871, 2018], who gave a proof of the H"older-based Onsager conjecture. Our proof builds on the authors' previous joint work with Buckmaster et al. (Intermittent convex integration for the 3D Euler equations: (AMS-217), Princeton University Press, 2023), in which an intermittent convex integration scheme is developed for the 3D incompressible Euler equations. We employ a scheme with higher-order Reynolds stresses, which are corrected via a combinatorial placement of intermittent pipe flows of optimal relative intermittency.
This article provides a new proof of the flexible side of Onsager's conjecture in \(L^3\)-based spaces. That conjecture states that only sufficiently regular solutions of the 3D Euler equations need to conserve kinetic energy. At any regularity below a suitable threshold, there should exist weak solutions which violate energy conservation and exhibit (turbulent) energy dissipation. Moreover, uniqueness of solutions generically fails -- the equations become flexible. This article's results establish the existence in \(C^{0}_{t}(H^{\beta}\cap{} L^{\frac{1}{1-2\beta}})\) for any \(0<\beta<\frac{1}{2}\). In particular, by interpolation this yields solutions in Besov spaces \(C^{0}_t B^{s}_{3,\infty}\) with \(s\) approaching \(\frac{1}{3}\). The underlying method of convex integration here starts from a suitable subsolution and iteratively adds high frequency corrections to construct a solution in the limit. Building on prior work by \textit{T. Buckmaster} et al. [Intermittent convex integration for the 3D Euler equations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2023; Zbl 07658420)] the constructed solutions reach arbitrarily close to optimal regularity and have \textit{intermittent} structure. That is, the solutions contain spatial concentrations. Moreover, the construction determines an optimal choice of intermittency parameter for the pipe flows used in the iteration step.
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