An invariant of basic sets of Smale flows
A subshift of finite type on the alphabet \(S\), \(\# S=n\), with parity \(p:S\to \{-1,1\}\) is defined by an nonnegative \(n\times n\) integer matrix \(A\) as the map \(\sigma(x)_i=x_{i-1}\) for \(x\in \Sigma_A\subset S^Z\) such that \(A_{x_i x_{i+1}}>0\) for all \(i\). For a periodic point \(x\in \Sigma_A\), with least period \(n\) extend the definition of parity to \(p(x)=p(x_1)p(x_2)\cdot\dots\cdot p(x_n)\). Two shifts \((\Sigma_A,\sigma\) and \(\Sigma_{A'},\sigma')\) are parity-wise conjugate if the conjugating homeomorphism \(h:\Sigma\to\Sigma'\) with \(h\circ\sigma=\sigma'\circ h\) preserves the parity \(p=p'\circ h\). The shift with parity is given by a generalization of the incidence matrix \(A\), namely the parity matrix \(A=P+Mt\) where \(P_{ij}\) (\(M_{ij}\)) is the number of plus (minus)-labeled edges from vertex \(i\) to vertex \(j\). Then \(S\) is a set of \(\Sigma (P_{ij}+M_{ij})\) symbols split into subsets of cardinalities \(M_{ij}\) and \(P_{ij}\) call these subsets \(M\) and \(P\). Define \(p(s)=\pm 1\) depending whether \(s\in P\) or \(s\in M\). Theorem. Shifts with parity are parity-wise conjugate iff they are strong shift equivalent. This is an analogue of a theorem by Williams which states that \(\sigma_A\) and \(\sigma_A'\) are topologically conjugate iff they are strong shift equivalent. Two shifts are strong shift equivalent if there exist nonnegative square integer matrices \(A_0,\dots,A_k\) with \(A_0=A\), \(A_k=A'\) and nonnegative integer matrices \(R_i, S_i\) with \(A_i=R_iS_i\) and \(A_{i+1}=S_iR_i\).
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