Analysis of Finite Element Approximation of Evolution Problems in Mixed Form
eigenproblemerror estimatesevolution equationsheat equationinf-sup conditionLaplace equationmixed finite elementnumerical examplesRaviart-Thomas elementsStokes equationtime dependent
Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Heat equation (35K05) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Navier-Stokes equations (35Q30) Error bounds for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M15) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M60) Error bounds for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N15) Numerical methods for eigenvalue problems for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N25) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N30)
The authors divide mixed finite element approximations of evolution equations into two general classes: \(0\choose g\) and \(f\choose0\). The prototype of the \(0\choose g\) class is the heat equation expressed in mixed form, and the prototype of the \(f\choose0\) class is the Stokes equation. It is well-known that an \textit{inf-sup} condition, along with regularity assumptions, is sufficient to guarantee that there are well-behaved solutions of steady mixed systems. These same conditions are sufficent for the \(f\choose0\) class of mixed time-dependent systems, but not for the \(0\choose g\) class. The authors present error estimates for both classes of approximations. These estimates are based on error estimates for certain projection and projection-like (Fortin) operators. The error estimate for the \(0\choose g\) case is new, and the proof in the \(f\choose0\) case is new. The authors include numerical examples illustrating their results. They employ both Raviart-Thomas elements and so-called P1 elements on a special criss-cross mesh composed of square macroelements, each divided into four triangles by the diagonals of the squares. \textit{D. Boffi, F. Brezzi}, and \textit{L. Gastaldi} [Math. Comput. 69, No.~229, 121--140 (2000; Zbl 0938.65126)] studied the P1 element and a related element denoted P1* in the context of eigenvalue computations. With this criss-cross mesh, the P1 element satisfies an \textit{inf-sup} condition, but does not satisfy the projection estimates required for rigorous error estimates. As a consequence, the presence of a special checkerboard component in the forcing term can introduce spurious behavior into the time-dependent solution. This behavior is related to a spurious eigenvalue that arises when solving the eigenproblem for Laplaces's equation using the P1* element.
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