Analysis of total variation flow and its finite element approximations
Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Stability and convergence of numerical methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M12) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M60) Image processing (compression, reconstruction, etc.) in information and communication theory (94A08)
In image processing and geometric measure theory one has to minimize the following penalized functional \[ J_\lambda(u):= \int_\Omega|\nabla u|\,dx+{\lambda\over 2} \int_\Omega| u-g|^2 \,dx, \] \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N\) \((N\geq 2)\), \(\lambda\geq 0\), \(g\) are given. Its gradient flow (called TV flow) is defined as follows: \[ \begin{aligned} {\partial u\over\partial t}= \text{div} \left({\nabla u\over|\nabla u|}\right)- \lambda(u- g)\quad&\text{in }\;\Omega_T= \Omega\times (0,T),\\ {\partial u\over\partial n}= 0\quad&\text{on }\;\partial\Omega_G= \partial\Omega\times (0,T),\\ u(\cdot,0)= u_0(\cdot)\quad &\text{in }\;\Omega. \end{aligned} \] The regularized TV flow (corresponding to the energy functional \(J_{\lambda,\varepsilon}(u):= \int_\Omega \sqrt{|\nabla u|^2+ \varepsilon^2}\,dx+ {\lambda\over 2} \int_\Omega| u-g|^2\,dx\), \(\varepsilon> 0\)) is the following one: \({\partial u^\varepsilon\over\partial t}= \text{div}({\nabla u^\varepsilon\over \sqrt{|\nabla u^\varepsilon|^2+\varepsilon^2}})- \lambda| u^\varepsilon- g|\) in \(\Omega_T\), \({\partial u^\varepsilon\over\partial n}= 0\) on \(\partial\Omega_T\), \(u^\varepsilon(\cdot, 0)= u_0(\cdot)\). A solution to the TV flow (respectively, to its regularized counterpart) is meant as a function of an appropriate regularity satisfying a weak variational inequality. The authors prove the unique existence of the solution \(u^\varepsilon\) to the regularized TV flow, some regularity results, a priori estimates and the convergence of \(u^\varepsilon\) to a solution of the TV flow as \(\varepsilon\to 0\) in \(L^p\), \(1\leq p<{N\over N-1}\). Next, the authors propose a fully discrete finite element method for the regularized TV flow. They give an error analysis for the solution of this approximate method and prove convergence results and a priori error estimates for \(u^\varepsilon\) smooth enough. For \(\lambda= 0\) numerical examples are given.
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