Analytic extensions of a commutative ring

Let R be a commutative ring. Then $I_ c(R):=\{a\in R:$ there exists a retraction $Rt\to R$ with $t\mapsto a\}$ is an ideal and consists, roughly speaking, of those elements of R which may be inserted in formal power series over R. This was studied earlier by the first two authors [see e.g. J. Algebra 67, 110-128 (1980; Zbl 0472.13009)]. If $R\to S$ is a homomorphism of commutative rings one is interested in the inclusions between $I_ c(R)$ and the counterimage of $I_ c(S).$ An ideal $\Omega$ $\subset R$ is called closed if $(I_ c(R)+\Omega)/\Omega \subset I_ c(R/\Omega)$. For the closedness some sufficient conditions are given as well as some properties justifying this notation. All finitely generated ideals are closed, and R is Noetherian if and only if all ideals in R are closed. An ideal $j_ R(\Omega)$ is defined for any ideal $\Omega$ $\subset R$ as the union of all $R\cap \sum^{n}_{i=1}(X_ i-\omega_ I)\quad RX_ 1,...,X_ N $ with $n\in {\mathbb{N}}$ and $\omega_ i\in \Omega$. Its importance is in that $\Omega \subset I_ c(R)$ if and only if $j_ R(\Omega)=0$. In any case $(\cap \Omega^ n)^ 2\subset j_ R(\Omega)\subset \cap \Omega^ n.$ Furtheron commutative ring extensions $S\supset R$ are considered where S is supposed to be finitely generated as an R-module. For $I_ c(R)\subset R\cap I_ c(S)$ and for the reverse inclusion several sufficient conditions are shown. Finally Noetherian rings are studied; here the authors prove the formula $I_ c(S)=\sqrt{I_ c(R)\cdot S}$ and a Weierstrass preparation theorem for $RX_ 1,...,X_ n$.

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