Angles and a classification of normed spaces

DOI10.15352/AFA/1399899841MaRDI QIDQ1947146zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Volker W. Thürey

Publication date 12 April 2013

Published in Annals of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.0074, http://www.emis.de/journals/AFA/AFA-tex_v4_n1_a11.pdf

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zbMATH Keywords

generalized angleinner product spacenormed space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) Characterizations of Hilbert spaces (46C15) Convex sets in (2) dimensions (including convex curves) (52A10)

Abstract: We suggest a concept of generalized `angles' in arbitrary real normed vector spaces. We give for each real number a definition of an `angle' by means of the shape of the unit ball. They all yield the well known Euclidean angle in the special case of real inner product spaces. With these different angles we achieve a classification of normed spaces, and we obtain a characterization of inner product spaces. Finally we consider this construction also for a generalization of normed spaces, i.e. for spaces which may have a non-convex unit ball.

Review text

The author introduces and develops a concept of so-called generalized angles for real vector spaces with norm, called normed spaces. It is shown that this concept even holds for more general spaces, where the triangle inequality fails or, equivalently, the respective unit ball is not necessarily convex. This new concept generalizes the well-known concept of angles in inner product spaces. Using the notion of generalized angles, the author also gives an interesting classification of normed spaces and obtains a characterization of inner product spaces.

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