Angular distribution in complex oscillation theory
This paper is devoted to considering Borel directions of solutions \(f\) of the linear differential equation \(f+Af=0\) in the complex plane, provided \(A\) is an entire function. The key notion here is the radial exponent of convergence \(\lambda_{\theta}(f)\) of the zero-sequence of \(f\), defined as the limit \(\lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow 0}\lambda_{\theta ,\varepsilon}(f)\) of the sectorial exponents of convergence of \(f\) around the ray \(\arg z=\theta\) from the origin. The main results of the paper read as follows: (1) Let \(A(z)\) be a nonconstant polynomial of degree \(n\geq 1\) and let \(f_{1},f_{2}\) be two linearly independent solutions of \(f+Af=0\). Denote \(E=f_{1}f_{2}\) and \(\rho =(n+2)/2\). Then a ray \(\arg z=\theta\) is a Borel direction of order \(\rho\) of \(E\) if and only if \(\lambda_{\theta}(E)=\rho\). (2) Correspondingly, for a transcendental \(A(z)\) of finite order \(\rho\), suppose that the exponent of convergence \(\lambda (E)=\infty\). Then \(\arg z=\theta\) is a Borel direction of \(E\) of infinite order if and only if \(\lambda_{\theta}(E)=\infty\). Observe that the transcendental case is closely related to the well known conjecture claiming that whenever \(\rho (A)<\infty\) is not an integer, then \(\lambda (E)=\infty\) for any pair \(f_{1}f_{2}\) of linearly independent solutions [see e.g. \textit{S. B. Bank} and \textit{I. Laine}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 273, 351--363 (1982; Zbl 0505.34026)].
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