Another note on focus-focus singularities

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Abstract: We show a natural relation between the monodromy formula for focus-focus singularities of integrable Hamiltonian systems and a formula of Duistermaat-Heckman, and extend the main results of our previous note on focus-focus singularities (-action, monodromy, and topological classification) to the degenerate case. We also consider the non-Hamiltonian case, local normal forms, etc.


The present paper is devoted to the study of the monodromy around a focus-focus singular fiber that contains \(k\geq 1\) focus-focus singular points in an integrable Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom. The case of a nondegenerate focus-focus singular fiber was previously considered by the same author [Differ. Geom. Appl. 7, 123-130 (1997; Zbl 0887.58023)]. In the present paper he extends his results to the case of possibly degenerate focus-focus (p.d.f.f.) singularities where in particular the formula for the monodromy \[ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & k \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \] is shown to be valid (Theorem 1.3). The proof of the existence of a Hamiltonian \(\mathbb S^1\)--action (Theorem 1.2) as well as a topological classification of p.d.f.f. fibers are given (Theorem 1.4). The author discusses an interesting relation between the Hamiltonian monodromy and a Duistermaat-Heckman formula [see \textit{J. J. Duistermaat} and \textit{G. J. Heckman}, Invent. Math. 69, 259-268 (1982; Zbl 0503.58015)]. All results are extended to the non-Hamiltonian case.




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