Another type of quotients of hyperspaces

Publication date 19 March 2025

Published in Topology Proceedings (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://topology.nipissingu.ca/tp/restricted/v65/tp65005.pdf

Given a continuum \(X\) and a positive integer \(n\), the authors introduce a new type of quotient of hyperspaces \(2_n^X = 2^X / \mathcal{C}_n(X)\), which is called an \(n\)-fold suspension hyperspace, where \(2^X\) is the hyperspace consisting of nonempty closed subsets of \(X\), and \(\mathcal{C}_n(X)\) is the hyperspace consisting of the elements of \(2^X\) with at most \(n\) components.\N\NIn this paper, the properties of \(2_n^X\) are studied. The main results are as follows:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item \(2_n^X\) is an arcwise connected continuum.\N\item \(2_n^X\) contains a Hilbert cube and is infinite dimensional.\N\item \(2_n^X\) has property (b) (which means that each map \(f: X\to S^1\) is homotopic to a constant map), and in particular, it is unicoherent.\N\item Some sufficient conditions for the contractibility of \(2_n^X\) are given.\N\item if \(X\) is an indecomposable continuum, then \(2_n^X / \{\mathcal{C}^{nX}\}\) is not arcwise connected. Here, \(\mathcal{C}^{nX}\) is the point corresponding to \(q^{nX}(\mathcal{C}_n(X))\), where \(q^{nX}: 2^X\to 2_n^X\) is the quotient map.\N\item \(X\) is locally connected if and only if \(2_n^X\) is a Hilbert cube.\N\end{itemize}\N\NMoreover, given a map \(f: X\to Y\) between continua, there is an induced map \(2_n^f: 2_n^X \to 2_n^Y\). For several classes of maps \(\mathcal{M}\) between continua, the implications between the following conditions are studied: \(f\in \mathcal{M}\); \(2^f\in \mathcal{M}\); \(2_n^f\in \mathcal{M}\). Finally, it is shown that if \(X\) is a fan or a smooth dentroid, then \(2_n^X\) has the fixed point property.

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