Applied plasticity

Publication date 29 May 2000

The book provides information useful for mechanical engineering, graduate education and research. In chapter 1, the author presents the classical concepts of plasticity, such as yield criteria for hardening materials, and the associated flow rules. In order to describe the behaviour of a body under cyclic loading, the author also discusses the two-surface model. The uniqueness theorem and sufficient stability criteria are formulated for rate-boundary value problem in terms of the nominal stress rate at the equilibrium. Here the constitutive equations are written out for large deformation, the Jaumann stress rate being related to the rate of deformation. Chapter 2 describes the problems in plane stress for rigid/plastic bodies which obey von Mises and Tresca critera and Lévy-von Mises flow rule. Some related problems, on discontinuities, necking and bending of prismatic beams, are analysed using the characteristic methods. Limit analysis of hollow plates, hole expansion in infinite plates, as well as the stretch forming of sheet metals are presented taking into account the work-hardening effects. In chapter 3, some typical axisymmetric problems, for rigid/plastic materials, using either von Mises or Tresca yield conditions, are analysed in order to determine stress and strain state in the plastic deformation domain. The problems include the cylindrical bar, the hollow cylinder, the flow through a conical channel, the necking of a bar, and so on. Some metal forming processes as sinking of thin-walled tubes and extrusion of cylindrical billets, are also discussed within the framework of rate-independent plasticity; hence no influence of the working speed is involved in the solutions. Chapter 4 is devoted to the plastic bending of plates. The incipient deformation mode of shells is the topic of chapter 5, presented in terms of the deformation of middle surface and in terms of the associated stress resultants acting across the shell thickness. The usual assumptions of rigid/plastic material are here made for the estimation of collapse load. When the shell is loaded to the point of plastic collapse, the deformation processes under the constat load are considered as ideally plastic. The author discusses cylindrical, spherical, conical shells, as well as the limit analysis under different loading conditions. Using the fact that during progressive cold working processes an isotropic metal becomes anisotropic, in chapter 6 the orthotropy, with its particular case of transverse isotropy, is described by applying specific yield conditions. The normality flow rule of plastic deformation for rigid/plastic materials is adopted. All representations are referred to the principal anisotropy axes. As applications, the author presents the torsion of anisotropic bars, and the plane strain anisotropy in deep drawing. The lack of the uniqueness of deformation, referred to as bifurcation, is analyzed in chapter 7. Analyses of bifurcations and instabilities are made for buckling of axially loaded columns, narrow beams, plate and cylindrical and spherical shells. The treatment is based on admissible velocity fields chosen in an appropriate form. Chapter 8 is concerned with a large class of problems in which the plastic deformations are so rapid that the inertia effect must be taken into account. Such problems arise in high-velocity forming of metals, penetration of projectiles, and in enlargement of cavities by underground explosions. The wave propagation theory provides in this chapter theoretical and practical information concerning the behaviour of a body in dynamic plasticity. The book contains two appendices, subject and name index. References are made at the end of each chapter, including more than 500 titles. The results of computations are displayed in figures and compared with experimental data, 220 illustrations are presented. The information concerning the stage of research in principal fields completes the text. The comparisons between the results obtained by the author and by other researchers, in dependence on loading conditions and on the adopted approach, are presented, too.

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