Approximation of infinite-dimensional fleming-viot diffusions
Theoretical approximation of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34A45) Linear differential equations in abstract spaces (34G10) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Approximation by positive operators (41A36) Diffusion processes (60J60) Applications of Brownian motions and diffusion theory (population genetics, absorption problems, etc.) (60J70) Problems related to evolution (92D15)
Consider a countable set \(S\) and the standard simplex \[ \triangle=\left\{(x_i)_{i\in S}\in[0,1]^S:\sum_{i\in S}x_i=1\right\} \] of \(\mathbb{R}^S.\) Under suitable assumptions on the coefficients \(b_i\), the Fleming-Viot differential operator \[ \Omega=\sum_{i,j\in S}\frac{x_i(\delta_{ij}-x_j)}{2}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_i\partial x_j} +\sum_{i\in S}b_i(x)\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i} \] is the generator of different diffusion processes occurring in population genetics, where the index set \(S\) represents the set of alleles. If all the coefficients \(b_i\) vanish, the solution of the evolution problem associated with \(\Omega\) can be approximated by suitable iterates of Bernstein-Schnabl operators evaluated at the initial point. However, due to factors as mutation, migration and selection, in many applications concerning population genetics there are nonzero drift coefficients \(b_i\) and consequently the Bernstein-Schnabl operators are not appropriate for the approximation of the solutions of the corresponding evolution problems. The author constructs some modified Bernstein-Schnabl operators which allow to study evolution problems with nonzero drift terms. The approximation properties of these operators are carefully investigated and the results are applied to the study of the semigroup generated by \(\Omega\) and of the corresponding evolution problem.
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