Approximation theory using positive linear operators

Publication date 18 February 2005

absolute optimal constants, Bernstein type operators degree of approximation linear positive operator second order moduli

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to approximations and expansions (41-02) Approximation by polynomials (41A10) Rate of convergence, degree of approximation (41A25) Simultaneous approximation (41A28) Approximation by operators (in particular, by integral operators) (41A35) Approximation by positive operators (41A36) Best constants in approximation theory (41A44) Abstract approximation theory (approximation in normed linear spaces and other abstract spaces) (41A65)

Review text

This book on approximation theory treats quantitative aspects of the approximation of functions using positive linear operators. The theory of these operators has been an important area of research in the last few decades. The main tools in the study of such operators are the moduli of smoothness \(\omega_r(f,t)\) and \(K\)-functionals \(K(f,t)\), both of them express some intrinsic properties of the function \(f\). The former give direct information about the smoothness of \(f\). The latter have been introduced in their present form by J. Peetre as a basis for his theory of interpolation of operators. Actually, the \(K\)-functionals express some approximation properties of \(f\). Thus, they turn out to play an equally important role in approximation. This has been later amplified by the fact that in many situations \(K(f,t)\) and \(w_r(f,t)\) are equivalent. In this book the study of linear positive operators with the aid of second order moduli of continuity is presented. In the category of second order moduli are included both classical and newly introduced moduli. Furthermore, two new methods are treated. The first one, based on decomposition of functionals and the use of moments, can be applied to diverse types of moduli and leads to simple approximation estimates. The second method gives sufficient conditions for obtaining absolute optimal constants. The benefits of these more direct methods, compared with the method based on \(K\)-functionals, consist in the improvement and even the optimization of the constants, and in the generalization of the framework. The book is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the background material used throughout the book. In the second chapter, Estimates with second order moduli, the author presents pointwise estimates for the degree of approximation by general linear positive operators with combination of the first order modulus and a second order modulus, in terms of the moments of order 0, 1 and 2. These estimates are established by some generalized second order modulus depending on a real parameter: \(\omega^\lambda_2\), \(\omega^*_2\), \(\omega^d_2\), \(\omega^{dd}_2\) (introduced by the author), and by the Ditzian-Totik moduli of the first and second orders, respectively. In chapter 3, Absolute optimal constants, is pointed out the optimality of the estimate given in chapter 2 for \(\omega^\lambda_2\), in a stronger sense than the optimality of the constants. Hence are deduced sufficent conditions for estimates with absolute optimal constants as follows: estimates with the modulus \(\omega_2\) for discrete linear positive functionals and estimates with the modulus \(\omega^\lambda_2\) for a linear positive integral functional. The rest of the book is dedicated to applications. Chapter 4, Estimates for the Bernstein operators, deals with various type of estimates for the well-known Bernstein operator \(B_n\). In the main result is pointed out the optimal constant \(c>0\) that can appear in teh estimate \(\| B_nf-f\|\leq c\omega_2(f,1/\sqrt n)\), \(n\in\mathbb N\), \(f\in C[0,1]\). This problem is analogous, but not similar to the extremal problem solved by P. C. Sikkema. In chapter 5, Two classes of Bernstein type operators, are introduced: the generalized Brass type operators and generalized Durrmeyer type operators, respectively. For the Brass type operators -- among others -- are given simultaneous approximations. For the Durrmeyer type operators the approximation estimates are given by the classical moduli of the first and second orders. In chapter 6, Approximation operators for vector-valued functions, are extended in the vector case some of the estimates with the second order moduli given in chapter 2. This monograph will be of interest to those working in the field of approximation, and it may serve as a good supplementary text for courses in approximation theory, or as a reference text on the subject.

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