Arithmetic consequences of Jacobi's two-squares theorem

DOI10.1023/A:1009877906185MaRDI QIDQ1567061zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Michael D. Hirschhorn

Publication date 5 June 2000

Published in The Ramanujan Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009877906185

zbMATH Keywords

Jacobi's two-squares theorem sums of squares

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25)

Review text

Let \(r_2(n)\) denote the number of representations of \(n\) as a sum of two squares. Jacobi's formula for \(r_2(n)\) easily implies: \[ \begin{alignedat}{2} r_2(2n)&= r_2(n), &&\\ r_2(pn)&= 2r_2(n)- r_2 \bigl( \tfrac{n}{p} \bigr) &\quad\text{for }&p\in\mathbb{P},\;p\equiv 1\bmod 4,\\ r_2(pn)&= r_2 \bigl( \tfrac{n}{p} \bigr) &\quad\text{for }&p\in\mathbb{P},\;p\equiv 3\bmod 4.\end{alignedat} \] These formulas are proved directly via generating functions. They easily imply Jacobi's two-square theorem.

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