Arithmetic properties of 3-regular 6-tuple partitions
A partition \(\lambda\) of a nonnegative integer \(n\) is a sequence of positive integers \(\lambda_1\geq\lambda_2\geq\cdots\geq\lambda_k>0\) such that \(\sum_{i=1}^k\lambda_i=n\). The numbers \(\lambda_i\) for \(1\leq i\leq k\) are called the parts of \(\lambda\). Let \(t\geq2\) be fixed positive integer. A \(\ell\)-regular partition of a positive integer \(n\) is a partition of \(n\) such that none of its parts is divisible by \(\ell\). In this paper under review, the authors consider arithmetic properties of \(3\)-regular \(6\)-tuple partition function, given by \[ \sum_{n=0}^\infty\mathrm{BS}_3(n)=\frac{(q^3;q^3)_\infty^6}{(q;q)_\infty^6}, \] where we always assume that \(|q|<1\) and \[ (a;q)_\infty:=\prod_{k=0}^\infty(1-aq^k). \] By utilizing the theory of Hecke eigenforms and modular forms, the authors establish many congruences and internal congruences enjoyed by \(\mathrm{BS}_3(n)\). For example, they obtain the following results. \begin{itemize} \item Let \(p\) be an odd prime with \(p\equiv3\pmod{4}\). Then for any \(n\geq0\) and \(j\not\equiv0\pmod{p}\), \[ \mathrm{BS}_3{\left(6p^{2k+2}n+6p^{2k+1}j+\frac{3p^{2k+2}-1}{2}\right)} \equiv0\pmod{4}. \] \item Let \(p\equiv1\pmod{4}\) be prime. For any \(k\geq0\) and \(n\geq0\), if \(\mathrm{BS}_3\big(\frac{3p-1}{2}\big)\equiv2\pmod{4}\), then \[ \mathrm{BS}_3{\left(6p^{3k}n+\frac{3p^{3k}-1}{2}\right)} \equiv\mathrm{BS}_3(6n+1)\pmod{4}. \] \end{itemize} Moreover, they also prove the following arithmetic density result on powers of \(3\) satisfied by \(\mathrm{BS}_3(n)\), namely, for any given positive integer \(k\), \(\mathrm{BS}_3(n)\) is almost always divisible by \(3^k\), i.e., \[ \lim_{X\rightarrow\infty} \frac{\#\{0\leq n<X:\mathrm{BS}_3(n)\equiv0\pmod{3^k}\}}{X}=1. \]
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