Arithmetic representation growth of virtually free groups
This article studies arithmetic representation growth for group algebras of finitely generated virtually free groups over finite fields. Extending earlier work by \textit{S. Mozgovoy} and \textit{M. Reineke} [Int. J. Math. 26, No. 12, Article ID 1550100, 19 p. (2015; Zbl 1346.14115)] on quivers and free groups, the author proves that the counting functions \(r_{\mathrm{absim}, d}(q^\alpha)\), \(r_{\mathrm{sim}, d}(q^\alpha)\) and \(r_{\mathrm{ss}, d}(q^\alpha)\), which enumerate absolutely simple, simple and semisimple \(d\)-dimensional representations of \(\mathbb{F}_q[G]\), are polynomial in \(q^\alpha\) for all \(\alpha \ge 1\).\N\NThe main result (Theorem 5.4) generalizes the existence of such counting polynomials to group algebras of virtually free groups \(G\), using a combination of Hall algebra techniques, moduli spaces of representations and structural properties of hereditary algebras. The decomposition of \(G\) as a finite sequence of amalgamated free products and HNN extensions over finite groups is essential to the argument.\N\NA geometric interpretation is also provided: when \(G\) is defined over \(\mathbb{Z}\), the moduli spaces of semisimple and absolutely simple representations over \(\mathbb{C}\) (that is, the \(GL_d(\mathbb{C})\)-character varieties) admit \(E\)-polynomials computable from the same counting polynomials. Explicit computations are carried out in SageMath, with worked examples including \(G = D_\infty\), \(\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\), \(\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\) and \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\).
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