Around finite-dimensionality in functional analysis: a personal perspective

DOI10.1007/S13398-012-0083-5MaRDI QIDQ380431zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 14 November 2013

Published in Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A: Matemáticas. RACSAM (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.7165

zbMATH Keywords

factorization of operators Hilbert space Hilbert-Schmidt space nuclear space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Spaces determined by compactness or summability properties (nuclear spaces, Schwartz spaces, Montel spaces, etc.) (46A11) Isomorphic theory (including renorming) of Banach spaces (46B03) Characterizations of Hilbert spaces (46C15) Factorization theory (including Wiener-Hopf and spectral factorizations) of linear operators (47A68)

Abstract: As objects of study in functional analysis, Hilbert spaces stand out as special objects of study as do nuclear spaces in view of a rich geometrical structure they possess as Banach and Frechet spaces, respectively. On the other hand, there is the class of Banach spaces including certain function spaces and sequence spaces which are distinguished by a poor geometrical structure and are subsumed under the class of so-called Hilbert-Schmidt spaces. It turns out that these three classes of spaces are mutually disjoint in the sense that they intersect precisely in finite dimensional spaces. However, it is remarkable that despite this mutually exclusive character, there is an underlying commonality of approach to these disparate classes of objects in that they crop up in certain situations involving a single phenomenon-the phenomenon of finite dimensionality-which, by definition, is a generic term for those properties of Banach spaces which hold good in finite dimensional spaces but fail in infinite dimension.

Review text

The author considers various properties which characterize (1) finite-dimensional spaces among Banach spaces, (2) nuclear spaces among Fréchet spaces. He then gives results specifying the size, in any infinite-dimensional Banach space, of the set of the elements which do not satisfy one of these properties. In a last part, he defines Hilbert-Schmidt spaces as Banach spaces \(X\) for which every bounded linear map between Hilbert spaces which factorizes through \(X\) is Hilbert-Schmidt. This is equivalent to saying that every operator \(T : X \to \ell_2\) is \(2\)-summing, or also to saying that every bounded linear map from \(X\) to \(\ell_2\) extends to a bounded linear map on any superspace of \(X\). The author introduces the space \(\ell_2 \{X_0\}\) as the space of sequences \((x_n)_n\) in \(X\) such that \(\sum \| T (x_n) \|^2 < \infty\) for every \(T \in {\mathcal L} (X, \ell_2)\) and characterizes Hilbert spaces as Banach spaces \(X\) for which \(\ell_2 \{X_0\} = \ell_2 \{X\}\), the space of strongly square-summable series in \(X\), and Hilbert-Schmidt spaces as Banach spaces \(X\) for which \(\ell_2 \{X_0\} = \ell_2 [X]\), the space of weakly square-summable series in \(X\), in order to conclude that \(X\) is finite-dimensional if and only if it is both a Hilbert space and a Hilbert-Schmidt space. Other factorization properties are considered in the same way. Reviewer's remarks. It should be noted that there are a number of misprints (the first ones are at the bottom of the p.\,374, where \(\ell [X]\) should be read \(\ell_p [X]\) and \(\ell_p [X]\) should be read \(\ell_p \{X\}\)). Moreover, the discussion on p.\,386 is hard to read, due to an incorrect presentation.

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