Balanced d-lattices are complemented

DOI10.7151/DMGAA.1045MaRDI QIDQ4430908zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Martin Goldstern, Miroslav Ploščica

Publication date 13 October 2003

Published in Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0111282

zbMATH Keywords

\(d\)-lattice balanced congruence balanced lattice maximal ideal prime ideal

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lattice ideals, congruence relations (06B10) Complemented lattices, orthocomplemented lattices and posets (06C15) Subalgebras, congruence relations (08A30)

Abstract: We show that all balanced d-lattices must be complemented, answering a question of Chajda and Eigenthaler. (A bounded lattice is balanced if any two congruences agree on their 1-classes iff they agree on their 0-classes.) Our main tool is the characterization of d-lattices (a class of bounded lattices including the bounded distributive lattices, originally defined by a property of their compact congruences) as exactly those lattices in which all maximal filters/ideals are prime.

Review text

A bounded lattice \({\mathbf L}= (L, \vee,\wedge,0,1)\) is called balanced if, for any two congruence relations \(\Phi\), \(\Psi\) on \({\mathbf L}\), we have \(0/\Phi= 0/\Psi\) if and only if \(1/\Phi= 1/\Psi\), i.e. if the \(0\)-class of any congruence determines the \(1\)-class and conversely. Furthermore, \({\mathbf L}\) is called a \(d\)-lattice if, for any \(a, b\in L\), \((a,1)\in\theta(0,b)\Rightarrow a\vee b=1\), and \((a,0)\in \theta(1,b)\Rightarrow a\wedge b=0\), where \(\theta(x,y)\) denotes the least congruence on \({\mathbf L}\) containing the pair \((x,y)\). Both concepts were defined by \textit{I. Chajda} and the reviewer [``Balanced congruences, Discuss. Math., Gen. Algebra Appl. 21, No. 1, 105--114 (2001; Zbl 1065.08004)], and they asked the following question: Is a \(d\)-lattice balanced if and only if it is complemented? In the present paper, it is shown that the answer to this question is ``Yes (Theorem 5). The proof depends on the following characterization: A bounded lattice \({\mathbf L}\) is a \(d\)-lattice if and only if all maximal ideals and maximal filters of \({\mathbf L}\) are prime (Theorem 1). In fact, the cited Theorem 5 contains much more than the answer to the above question, namely a characterization of balanced \(d\)-lattices by several equivalent properties. In particular, Theorem 5 shows that a \(d\)-lattice \({\mathbf L}\) is balanced if and only if all prime filters/ideals of \({\mathbf L}\) are maximal.

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