Bayesian linear regression for multivariate responses under group sparsity

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Abstract: We study frequentist properties of a Bayesian high-dimensional multivariate linear regression model with correlated responses. The predictors are separated into many groups and the group structure is pre-determined. Two features of the model are unique: (i) group sparsity is imposed on the predictors. (ii) the covariance matrix is unknown and its dimensions can also be high. We choose a product of independent spike-and-slab priors on the regression coefficients and a new prior on the covariance matrix based on its eigendecomposition. Each spike-and-slab prior is a mixture of a point mass at zero and a multivariate density involving a ell2,1-norm. We first obtain the posterior contraction rate, the bounds on the effective dimension of the model with high posterior probabilities. We then show that the multivariate regression coefficients can be recovered under certain compatibility conditions. Finally, we quantify the uncertainty for the regression coefficients with frequentist validity through a Bernstein-von Mises type theorem. The result leads to selection consistency for the Bayesian method. We derive the posterior contraction rate using the general theory by constructing a suitable test from the first principle using moment bounds for certain likelihood ratios. This leads to posterior concentration around the truth with respect to the average R'enyi divergence of order 1/2. This technique of obtaining the required tests for posterior contraction rate could be useful in many other problems.


A Bayesian multivariate high-dimensional linear regression model is considered \[ Y_i=\sum_{j=1}^G X_{ij}\beta_j + \epsilon_i, \quad i=1,\dots,n, \quad G>1, \] where \(Y_i\) is a \(1\times d\) response variable, \(X_{ij}\) is a \(1\times p_j\) predictor variable, \(\beta_j\) is a \(p_j\times d\) matrix of regression coefficients, and \(\epsilon_1,\ldots,\epsilon_n\) are i.i.d. as \(N(0,~\Sigma)\) with an unknown covariance matrix \(\Sigma\). The group structure of the predictors is predetermined, and group sparsity is imposed on the predictors, i.e., many groups contain only zero coefficients and the remaining groups (called non-zero groups) can contain some zero coordinates. A product of independent spike-and-slab priors on the regression coefficients is chosen and a new prior on \(\Sigma\) based on its eigenvalue decomposition; each spike-and-slab prior is a mixture of a point mass at zero and a multivariate density involving the \(l_{2,1}\)-norm, which comprises of the \(l_2\)-norm put on the predictors within each group and the \(l_1\)-norm is put across the groups. To obtain asymptotic properties of estimation and selection, the following conditions are imposed: \(p=\sum _{j=1}^G p_j\) can grow at a rate faster than \(n,\) but the total number of the coefficients in all non-zero groups together are less than \(n\) in order; \(G\ge n^c,\) for some positive constant \(c,\) and \(\log G\) grows slower than \(n;\) finally, \(d^2\log n\) grows at a rate slower than \(n.\) The posterior contraction rate is obtained, as well as the bounds on the effective dimension of the model with high posterior probabilities. It is shown that the regression coefficients can be recovered under certain compatibility conditions. The paper quantifies the uncertainty for the coefficients with frequentist validity through a Bernstein-von Mises type theorem, and the selection consistency for the presented Bayesian method is proven. An MCMC algorithm is outlined to compute the posterior distributions.



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