Behaviour of the normalized depth function

Abstract: Let

I s u b s e t S = K [x_{1}, d o t s, x_{n}]

be a squarefree monomial ideal,

K

a field. The

k

th squarefree power

I^{[k]}

of

I

is the monomial ideal of

S

generated by all squarefree monomials belonging to

I^{k}

. The biggest integer

k

such that

I^{[k]} e (0)

is called the monomial grade of

I

and it is denoted by

u (I)

. Let

d_{k}

be the minimum degree of the monomials belonging to

I^{[k]}

. Then,

e x t d e p t h (S / I^{[k]}) g e d_{k} - 1

for all

1 l e k l e u (I)

. The normalized depth function of

I

is defined as

g_{I} (k) = e x t d e p t h (S / I^{[k]}) - (d_{k} - 1)

,

1 l e k l e u (I)

. It is expected that

g_{I} (k)

is a non-increasing function for any

I

. In this article we study the behaviour of

g_{I} (k)

under various operations on monomial ideals. Our main result characterizes all cochordal graphs

G

such that for the edge ideal

I (G)

of

G

we have

g_{I (G)} (1) = 0

. They are precisely all cochordal graphs

G

whose complementary graph

G^{c}

is connected and has a cut vertex. As a far-reaching application, for given integers

1 l e s < m

we construct a graph

G

such that

u (I (G)) = m

and

g_{I (G)} (k) = 0

if and only if

k = s + 1, d o t s, m

. Finally, we show that any non-increasing function of non-negative integers is the normalized depth function of some squarefree monomial ideal.

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