Big denominators and analytic normal forms

DOI10.1515/CRELLE-2013-0111MaRDI QIDQ901391zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 12 January 2016

Published in Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.1611

big denominator property cohomological operator formal power series small denominator problems

Nonlinear higher-order PDEs (35G20) Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40) Perturbations, KAM theory for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K55) Group actions and symmetry properties (58D19) Normal forms on manifolds (58K50)

Abstract: We study the {it regular} action of an analytic pseudo-group of transformations on the space of germs of various analytic objects of local analysis and local differential geometry. We fix a homogeneous object

F_{0}

and we are interested in an analytic normal form for the whole affine space

F_{0} + h . o . t .

. We prove that if the cohomological operator defined by

F_{0}

has the big denominators property and if a formal normal form is well chosen then this formal normal form holds in analytic category. We also define big denominators in systems of nonlinear PDEs and prove a theorem on local analytic solvability of systems of nonlinear PDEs with big denominators. %This theorem, which a priori has nothing to do with local classification problems,generalizes the theorem on analytic normal forms. Moreover, we prove that if the denominators grow "relatively fast", but not fast enough to satisfy the big denominator property, then we have a normal form, respectively local solvability of PDEs, in a formal Gevrey category. We illustrate our theorems by explanation of known results and by new results in the problems of local classification of singularities of vector fields, non-isolated singularities of functions, tuples of germs of vector fields, local Riemannian metrics and conformal structures.

Review text

Consider the space of germs of certain analytic objects (maps, Riemannian metrics, etc.) with a regular action of an analytic pseudogroup of transformations, and let \(F_0\) be a homogeneous object in this space. The author introduces the so-called big denominator property of the cohomological operator corresponding to \(F_0\), and he proves that this property is sufficient for a well-chosen formal normal form to be a normal form in the analytic category. Roughly speaking, for applications to nonlinear ODEs or PDEs, the big denominator property overcomes the small denominator problems in the formal power series of formal normal forms (as they are known in celestial mechanics or local dynamical systems). Some examples are presented: local classification problems for functions, singular vector fields, tuples of linear independent vector fields, Riemannian metrics of conformal structures.

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