Bijections for refined restricted permutations

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Abstract: We present a bijection between 321- and 132-avoiding permutations that preserves the number of fixed points and the number of excedances. This gives a simple combinatorial proof of recent results of Robertson, Saracino and Zeilberger, and the first author. We also show that our bijection preserves additional statistics, which extends the previous results.


The contribution of the authors is a bijective proof of a strengthening of a recent result of \textit{A. Robertson} et al. [Ann. Comb. 6, 427--444 (2002; Zbl 1017.05014)] and \textit{S. Elizade} [Proc. FPSAC 2003] about the number of \(321\)- and \(132\)-avoiding permutations. A permutation \(\sigma=(\sigma(1),\sigma(2),\dots,\sigma(n))\in {\mathcal S}_n\) is said to contain another permutation \(\pi=(\pi(1),\pi(2),\dots,\pi(m))\in {\mathcal S}_m\) if there exist indices \(i_1<i_2<\dots<i_m\) such that \((\sigma(i_1),\sigma(i_2),\dots,\sigma(i_m))\) is in the same relative order as \((\pi(1),\pi(2),\dots,\pi(m))\). If \(\sigma\) does not contain \(\pi\), then \(\sigma\) is called \(\pi\)-avoiding. For \(\sigma\in {\mathcal S}_n\) let \(\text{fp}(\sigma)\) (\(\text{exc}(\sigma)\)) denote the number of \(i\in \{1,2,\dots,n\}\) with \(\sigma(i)=i\) (with \(\sigma(i)>i\)). Furthermore, let \(\text{lis}(\sigma)\) denote the length of a longest increasing subsequence and \(\text{rank}(\sigma)\) denote the largest \(k\) such that \(\sigma(i)>k\) for all \(i\leq k\). The authors establish a bijection between the set of \(321\)-avoiding permutations \(\sigma\in {\mathcal S}_n\) with \(\text{fp}(\sigma)=i\), \(\text{exc}(\sigma)=j\) and \(\text{lis}(\sigma)=k\) and the set of \(132\)-avoiding permutations \(\sigma\in {\mathcal S}_n\) with \(\text{fp}(\sigma)=i\), \(\text{exc}(\sigma)=j\) and \(\text{rank}(\sigma)=n-k\) for any \(0\leq i,j,k\leq n\). The fact that the number of \(321\)-avoiding permutations \(\sigma\in {\mathcal S}_n\) with \(\text{fp}(\sigma)=i\) and \(\text{exc}(\sigma)=j\) and the number of \(132\)-avoiding permutations \(\sigma\in {\mathcal S}_n\) with \(\text{fp}(\sigma)=i\) and \(\text{exc}(\sigma)=j\) are equal was proved by Robertson et al. and Elizade using technically more involved methods.




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