Bivariate functional equations around associativity

DOI10.1007/S00010-012-0128-ZMaRDI QIDQ1759593zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Esteban Induraín, Juan C. Candeal

Publication date 21 November 2012

Published in Aequationes Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00010-012-0128-z

functional equation of associativity selections semi-lattices semigroup

General theory of functional equations and inequalities (39B05) Functional equations for functions with more general domains and/or ranges (39B52)

Review text

The functional equation of associativity on a nonempty set \(X\) is \[ F(x,F(y,z))=F(F(x,y),z)\quad (x,y,z\in X), \] where \(F\) stands for a bivariate map defined on the Cartesian product \(X\times X\) and taking values in \(X.\) From an algebraic point of view, we can also consider \(F\) as an associative binary operation defined on \(X\) as \(F(x,y)=x*y\quad (x,y\in X).\) Thus the structure \((X,*)\) is a semigroup, and the set of all possible structures of semigroups that may be defined on \(X\) can also be interpreted as the set of the solutions of the functional equation of associativity on \(X.\) It could be observed that the functional equation of associativity involves three variables, namely \(x,y,z\in X.\)

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