Bounds for the extremal parameter of nonlinear eigenvalue problems and applications

Publication date 20 November 2020

Abstract: We consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problem

L u = l a m b d a f (u)

, posed in a smooth bounded domain

O m e g a s u b s e t e q B b b R^{N}

with Dirichlet boundary condition, where

L

is a uniformly elliptic second-order linear differential operator,

l a m b d a > 0

and

f : [0, a_{f}) i g h t a r r o w B b b R_{+}

(0 < a_{f} l e q s l a n t i n f t y)

is a smooth, increasing and convex nonlinearity such that

f (0) > 0

and which blows up at

a_{f}

. First we present some upper and lower bounds for the extremal parameter

l a m b d a^{*}

and the extremal solution

u^{*}

. Then we apply the results to the operator

L_{A} = - D e l t a + A c (x)

with

A > 0

and

c (x)

is a divergence-free flow in

O m e g a

. We show that, if

p s i_{A, O m e g a}

is the maximum of the solution

p s i_{A} (x)

of the equation

L_{A} u = 1

in

O m e g a

with Dirichlet boundary condition, then for any incompressible flow

c (x)

we have,

p s i_{A, O m e g a} l o n g r i g h t a r r o w 0

as

A l o n g r i g h t a r r o w i n f t y

if and only if

c (x)

has no non-zero first integrals in

H_{0}^{1} (O m e g a)

. Also, taking

c (x) = - x h o (| x |)

where

h o

is a smooth real function on

[0, 1]

then

c (x)

is never divergence-free in unit ball

B s u b s e t B b b R^{N}

, but our results completely determine the behaviour of the extremal parameter

l a m b d a_{A}^{*}

as

A l o n g r i g h t a r r o w i n f t y

.

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