Cabling sequences of tunnels of torus knots

DOI10.2140/AGT.2009.9.1MaRDI QIDQ1007197zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Sangbum Cho, Darryl McCullough

Publication date 20 March 2009

Published in Algebraic \& Geometric Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0812.1389

zbMATH Keywords

knotlinktorus knottunnel

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: This is the second of three papers that refine and extend portions of our earlier preprint, "The depth of a knot tunnel." Together, they rework the entire preprint. The theory of tunnel number 1 knots that we introduced in "The tree of knot tunnels" yields a parameterization in which each tunnel is described uniquely by a finite sequence of rational parameters and a finite sequence of 0's and 1's, that together encode a procedure for constructing the knot and tunnel. In this paper we calculate these invariants for all tunnels of torus knots.

Review text

A tunnel system of a knot \(K\) is a collection of disjoint properly embedded arcs \(t_1,t_2, \dots, t_n \in cl(S^3 - N (K))\) such that \(cl(S^3 - N (K \bigcup_{i=1}^n t_i))\) is a genus \(n + 1\) handlebody that is unknotted. Hence a tunnel system of a knot naturally gives a Heegaard splitting of the knot exterior. The minimum such number \(n\) is called the tunnel number of \(K\). If the tunnel number of \(K\) is 1, the tunnel is called an unknotting tunnel or tunnel of \(K\). Alternatively, if the tunnel number of \(K\) is 1, one may think of a tunnel as an arc \(\alpha\) meeting \(K\) only in its endpoints, such that a regular neighborhood of the ``\(\theta\)-curve \(K\cup\alpha\) is unknotted. In previous work the authors developed a theory of tunnels for tunnel number 1 knots in \(S^3\) [Geom. Topol. 13, No. 2, 769--815 (2009; Zbl 1191.57005)]. This work yields a parameterization in which each tunnel is described uniquely by a finite sequence of rational parameters (a finite sequence of ``cabling constructions) and a finite sequence of 0s and 1s, that together encode a procedure for constructing the knot and tunnel. In the above cited paper the authors compute these invariants for 2-bridge knots. Here these invariants are computed for all tunnels of torus knots. Note that torus knot tunnels were already classified in work by \textit{M. Boileau, M. Rost} and \textit{H. Zieschang} [Math. Ann. 279, No. 3, 553--581 (1988; Zbl 0616.57008)] and \textit{Y. Moriah} [Invent. Math. 91, No. 3, 465--481 (1988; Zbl 0651.57012)].

Recommendations

• The tree of knot tunnels
• Semisimple tunnels
• An algorithm for finding parameters of tunnels
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 57264
• Constructing knot tunnels using giant steps

Cites work

• A presentation for the automorphisms of the 3-sphere that preserve a genus two Heegaard splitting
• Automorphisms of the 3-sphere preserving a genus two Heegaard splitting
• Constructing knot tunnels using giant steps
• Heegaard splittings of Seifert fibered spaces
• Homeomorphisms of the 3-sphere that preserve a Heegaard splitting of genus two
• On Heegaard decompositions of torus knot exteriors and related Seifert fibre spaces
• The tree of knot tunnels
• Tunnel leveling, depth, and bridge numbers
• Unknotting Tunnels and Seifert Surfaces

Cited in

(13)

• The tree of knot tunnels
• Middle tunnels by splitting
• The tunnel number and the cutting number with constituent handlebody-knots
• Unknotting annuli and handlebody-knot symmetry
• On tunnel numbers of a cable knot and its companion
• Iterated splitting and the classification of knot tunnels
• Tunnel leveling, depth, and bridge numbers
• TWISTED TORUS KNOTS T(p, q;kq, s) ARE CABLE KNOTS
• Semisimple tunnels
• Cable knots and infinite necklaces of knots
• Tunnel complexes of 3-manifolds
• An algorithm for finding parameters of tunnels
• An unknotting sequence for torus knots

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