Canonical forms of two by two by two matrices

DOI10.1006/JABR.1995.6650MaRDI QIDQ1283669zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Richard Ehrenborg

Publication date 8 September 1999

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1006/jabr.1995.6650

zbMATH Keywords

binary cubiccanonical formscovariantGaussian eliminationskew-symmetric tensortwo by two by two matrices

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21) Vector and tensor algebra, theory of invariants (15A72)

Review text

The aim of this paper is to determine the canonical forms of two by two by two matrices. Firstly, an invariant \(\Gamma\) of two by two by two matrices is introduced. It is shown by a Gaussian elimination argument that any invariant of two by two by two matrices has the form \(s\cdot\Gamma^k\) where \(s\) is a constant and \(k\) is a nonnegative integer. Then 6 covariants are presented in order to separate the canonical forms. After this the author presents 7 different canonical forms for the two by two by two matrices. Among that, \(pqr+stu\) is a generic canonical form. Hence it is easy to prove certain relations between these covariants. In fact, the binary cubic may be viewed as symmetric two by two by two matrices. Thus there is a natural correspondence between the canonical forms and covariants of two by two by two matrices and binary cubics. Similarly, two by two by two matrices are also related to skew-symmetric tensors of step 3 in the exterior algebra Ext\((U)\), where \(\dim (U)=6\).

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Cites work

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Cited in

(12)

• On apolarity and generic canonical forms
• Poincaré series of semi-invariants of \(2\times 2\) matrices
• Congruence of matrix spaces, matrix tuples, and multilinear maps
• Normal form of \(m\)-by-\(n\)-by-2 matrices for equivalence
• Canonical forms of 2 2 2 and 2 2 2 2 arrays over F₂ and F₃
• Canonical forms of 2 2 2 and 2 2 2 2 symmetric tensors over prime fields
• Rank classification of 2 2 2 2 2 tensors over F₂
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4019247 (Why is no real title available?)
• Canonical form of three-fermion pure-states with six single particle states
• Matrix bidiagonal form
• Two-generated algebras and standard-form congruence
• Canonical form of m-by-2-by-2 matrices over a field of characteristic other than two

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