Central leaves in loop groups

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Abstract: This paper analyses the finer structure of Newton strata in loop groups. These can be decomposed into so-called central leaves. We define them, and determine their global geometric structure. We then study the closure of central leaves, both by proving some general properties and by considering an illustrative example.


Let $G$ be a connected reductive group over $\mathcal{O}_F$ with a Borel pair $B \supset T$, where $F = \mathbb{F}_q (\!(\epsilon)\!)$. Put $L := \widehat{F^{\mathrm{nr}}}$ with residue field $k = \overline{\mathbb{F}_q}$ and Frobenius automorphism $\sigma$. Then $G(L)$ decomposes into the disjoint union of $K\epsilon^\mu K$ where $\mu$ ranges over the dominant cocharacters in $X_*(T)$ and $K = G(\mathcal{O}_L)$. \par The set $B(G)$ of $\sigma$-conjugacy classes in $G(L)$ plays a fundamental role in arithmetic geometry. It carries a partial order $\preceq$ and is stratified into $B(G, \mu)$ consisting of the classes intersecting $K\epsilon^\mu K$. For any $[b] \in B(G, \mu)$, the corresponding Newton stratum $\mathcal{N}_{[b], \mu}$ is $[b] \cap K\epsilon^\mu K$; for every $y$ therein, the central leaf $\mathcal{C}_y$ is defined as $\{ g^{-1} y \sigma(g): g \in K\}$. It carries the structure of smooth locally-closed subscheme of the loop group $LG$ over $k$, which is closed in $\mathcal{N}_{[b],\mu}$. Although these schemes are infinite-dimensional, one can pass to quotients by congruence subgroups to define their dimensions as a finite number; see Section 2 of the paper. The computation of $\dim \mathcal{C}_y$ is given in Theorem 2.11; the dimension depends solely on the class $[y] \in B(G)$. \par The closure relation between central leaves are also explored in this paper. Lemma 1.2 asserts that if the affine Deligne-Lusztig variety $X_\mu(b)$ is zero-dimensional, then $\mathcal{N}_{[b], \mu}$ consists of a single central leaf, whose closure is thus $\overline{\mathcal{N}_{[b], \mu}}$. On the other hand, Proposition 1.3 says that when $\mu$ is minuscule, $x_b$ is a fundamental alcove of $[b]$ in $W\mu W$ where $W$ is the finite Weyl group and $[b'] \preceq [b]$, then there exsts a fundamental alcove $x_{b'}$ in $W\mu W$ such that $\mathcal{C}_{x_{b'}} \subset \overline{\mathcal{C}_{x_b}}$. For the notion of fundamental alcoves in the affine Weyl group $\widetilde{W}$ of a $\sigma$-conjugacy class $[b]$, see [\textit{S. Nie}, Math. Ann. 362, No. 1--2, 485--499 (2015; Zbl 1367.20039)]. \par Finally, an example for $\mathrm{GL}(5)$ in Theorem 1.4 (see also Section 3) shows that not all closure relations between central leaves arise in this way, even though $\mu$ is still minuscule.











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