Central limit theorems for the shrinking target problem

DOI10.1007/S10955-013-0860-3MaRDI QIDQ2440374zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Matthew Nicol, Licheng Zhang, Nicolai Haydn, Sandro Vaienti

Publication date 18 March 2014

Published in Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.6073

zbMATH Keywords

central limit theoremGibbs-Markov mapshyperbolic dynamical systemsnon-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systemsnormal distributionpiecewise expanding mapsrational mapssmooth expanding maps of the intervalstrong law of large numbers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ergodicity, mixing, rates of mixing (37A25) Functional analytic techniques in dynamical systems; zeta functions, (Ruelle-Frobenius) transfer operators, etc. (37C30)

Abstract: Suppose $B_i:=B(p,r_i)$ are nested balls of radius $r_i$ about a point $p$ in a dynamical system $(T,X,mu)$. The question of whether $T^{i}xin{B}_i$ infinitely often (i. o.) for $mu$ a.e. $x$ is often called the shrinking target problem. In many dynamical settings it has been shown that if $E_n:=su{m}_{i=1}^{n}mu(B_i)$ diverges then there is a quantitative rate of entry and $li{m}_{noinfty}frac1E_{n}su{m}_{j=1}^n{1}_{B_i}(T^{i}x)o1$ for $mu$ a.e. $xinX$. This is a self-norming type of strong law of large numbers. We establish self-norming central limit theorems (CLT) of the form $li{m}_{noinfty}frac1a_{n}su{m}_{i=1}^n[1_{B_i}(T^{i}x)-mu(B_i)]oN(0,1)$ (in distribution) for a variety of hyperbolic and non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems, the normalization constants are $a_n^{2}simE[su{m}_{i=1}^n{1}_{B_i}(T^{i}x)-mu(B_i){]}^2$. Dynamical systems to which our results apply include smooth expanding maps of the interval, Rychlik type maps, Gibbs-Markov maps, rational maps and, in higher dimensions, piecewise expanding maps. For such central limit theorems the main difficulty is to prove that the non-stationary variance has a limit in probability.

Review text

The authors establish a self-norming central limit theorem of the form \[ \frac1{a_n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\Big(1_{B_i}(T^ix)-\mu(B_i)\Big) {\longrightarrow}_{\mathcal{D}}~~\mathcal{N}(0,1), \] where \(T\) is a measure-preserving transformation on a standard probability space \(X\), \(\mu\) is an ergodic measure, \(B_i\) are nested balls of radius \(r_i\), \(a_n\) satisfy \[ a_n \sim E\Big(\Big|\sum_{i=1}^{n}1_{B_i}-\mu(B_i)\Big|^2\Big), \] and \(\mathcal{N}(0,1)\) is the standard normal distribution. Furthermore, the authors provide various examples for which their result holds.

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