Characterization of modules by Fitting ideals
The authors work over a commutative Noetherian ring \(R\) with all modules unital, and consider a finitely generated \(R\)-module \(M\). Let \(F \xrightarrow{\varphi} G \xrightarrow{\psi} M \xrightarrow{} 0\) be a free presentation of \(M\), where \(F\) and \(G\) have ranks \(r\) and \(s\), respectively. The \(i\)th Fitting ideal \(\mathrm{Fitt}_i(M)\) is defined as \(I_{r-i}(\varphi)\), where \(I_{j}(\varphi)\) denotes the ideal generated by the minors of size \(j\) of a matrix \(A \in M_{r \times s}(R)\) presenting \(\varphi\). The first nonzero Fitting ideal is denoted \(I(M)\).\N\NIn this paper, the authors characterize \(M\) over a Noetherian local ring \((R,Q)\) in two cases: when \(\sqrt{I(M)} = Q\), with \(Q\) a regular ideal, and when \(I(M) = P\), where \(P\) is a regular prime ideal. In the first result, the authors distinguish whether the intersection \(S(Q) \cap QM\) is empty or not, where \(S(Q)\) denotes the set of elements in \(M\) with annihilator \(Q\). When \(S(Q) \cap QM = \emptyset\), induction on the minimal number of generators \(\mu(M)\) of \(M\) is used to show that the torsion submodule \(T(M)\) splits off. When \(S(Q) \cap QM \neq \emptyset\), the authors apply Krull's intersection theorem to decompose a power \(Q^k M\) into a direct sum of the torsion module \((R/Q)^n\) and a torsionfree \(R\)-submodule \(N\) of \(M\), where \(k,n \in \mathbb{Z}^+\).\N\NTwo examples are provided when \(R = k[x,y]\) over a field \(k\), illustrating both cases of the theorem. The second main result extends a previous result of \textit{S. Hadjirezaei} and \textit{S. Hedayat} [Commun. Algebra 46, No. 2, 610--614 (2018; Zbl 1494.13014)], which addressed the case when \(I(M)\) is the maximal ideal of \(R\). The characterization is again divided into two cases, depending on whether \(T(M) \not\subseteq PM\) or \(T(M) \subseteq PM\) with \(T(M) \neq 0\).
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