Characterizations of indecomposable subcontinua of graph-like continua
The (free) tracing property by free \(G\)-chains of a \(G\)-like continuum \(X\) was introduced by the author of the present paper in [Fundam. Math. 247, No. 2, 131--149 (2019; Zbl 1432.37034)]. The property states that a subset \(Z\) of a continuum \(X\) has the tracing property by (free) chains if, for each \(\varepsilon >0\) and any distinct point \(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_k\) in \(Z\), there is a (free) chain and an open cover \(\mathcal{U}\) of \(X\) such that \((x_i)_{i=1}^{k}\) is an order-refinement of that chain and \(\text{mesh}(\mathcal{U})<\varepsilon\).\N\NThe first interesting result of the paper is Proposition 3.4, which generalizes a previous result from [lo. cit.]. It says that if \(Z\) is a Cantor set in a continuum \(X\) with the tracing property by free chains, then there exists a unique minimal indecomposable continuum \(H\) in \(X\) containing \(Z\), such that \(Z\) is composant-unique in \(H\). It is also shown that \(H\) is contained in any continuum \(K \subset X\) that contains two or more points of \(Z\). Moreover, every subcontinuum of the composant \(c(z, H)\) of \(H\), where \(z \in Z\) is arbitrarily chosen, is arc-like (Proposition 3.5). The following theorem presents the main result of the paper.\N\NTheorem 4.1. Let \(G\) be a graph, \(X\) any \(G\)-like continuum and \(H\) be a subcontinuum of \(X\). The following statements are equivalent.\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[1.] \(H\) is indecomposable.\N\item[2.] There is a Cantor set \(Z\) in \(H\) with the tracing property by free \(G\)-chains and \(H\) is the unique minimal continuum in \(X\) containing \(Z\).\N\item[3.] There is an increasing sequence \((Z_i)\) of Cantor sets, each having the properties listed in (2), such that \(Z_{\infty} = \cup_{i=1}^{\infty} Z_i\) is dense in \(H\).\N\end{itemize}\N\NFollowing the main result, the author also studies the relationship between composant-uniqueness and the tracing property for tree-like and arc-like continua. Let us point out the theorem concerning tree-like continua. In this context, \(\mathcal{T}\) is the family of all trees and a continuum \(X\) is tree-like, if \(X\) is \(\mathcal{T}\)-like.\N\N\medskip \noindent Theorem 5.1. Suppose that \(D\) is a subset of \(\mathcal{T}\)-like continuum \(X\) satisfying \(|D| \geq 3\). Then the following statements are equivalent.\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[1.] Each subset of \(D\) of cardinality 3 has the tracing property by \(\mathcal{T}\)-chains.\N\item[2.] \(D\) has the tracing property by \(\mathcal{T}\)-chains.\N\item[3.] There is a unique minimal indecomposable subcontinuum \(H\) of \(X\) that contains \(D\), and \(D\) is composant-unique in \(H\).\N\end{itemize}\N\NNote that this theorem does not include the tracing property by free \(\mathcal{T}\)-chains.\N\NIn the last chapter, the relationship between inverse limits and the tracing property is explored. The paper concludes with the following open problem (Problem 6.2), which naturally extends the theory of tracing property to circle-like continua: Let \(X\) be an indecomposable circle-like continuum. Is the following statement true? \N\begin{center} \N(*) If a subset \(Z\) of \(X\) is composant-unique in \(X\), then \(Z\) has the tracing property by free circle-chains. \end{center} \NIn particular, if \(X\) is the 2-adic solenoid, is (*) true?
- A characterization of the universal curve and a proof of its homogeneity
- Applications of the Baire-category method to the problem of independent sets
- Chaos and indecomposability
- Characterizing đ-dimensional universal Menger compacta
- Composant-like decompositions
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7227247 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 53928 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3562089 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 815279 (Why is no real title available?)
- Irreducibility and indecomposability in inverse limits
- On the geometry of hyperbolic attractors of smooth cascades
- Sur les continus indécomposables.
- The infinite-dimensional topology of function spaces
- The space of composants of an indecomposable continuum
- Theory of continuous set of points.
- Topological entropy and IE-tuples of indecomposable continua
- Un continu dont tout sous-continu est indécomposable.
- Δ-Mappings Onto Polyhedra
This page was built for publication: Characterizations of indecomposable subcontinua of graph-like continua
Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q6995719)
