Characterizing avoidance in cycles via vincular patterns

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In this paper, the author shows that cyclic permutations avoiding 321 are precisely those permutations whose image under the fundamental bijection avoids a set of vincular patterns. This is realized using pattern functions and arrow patterns, in combination with the characterization of 321 avoidance in terms of equality of the upper bound of the Daiconis-Graham inequalities [\textit{P. Diaconis} and \textit{R. L. Graham}, J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. B 39, 262--268 (1977; Zbl 0375.62045)]. Some consequences of this result are explored, including upper and lower bound results on the growth rate of 321 avoiding cycles. Four open questions conclude the paper.











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