Characterizing hyperbolic spaces and real trees

DOI10.1007/S10711-009-9363-4MaRDI QIDQ735052zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Roberto Frigerio, Alessandro Sisto

Publication date 14 October 2009

Published in Geometriae Dedicata (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0810.1526

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic conedetourGromov-hyperbolicreal treeRips condition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hyperbolic groups and nonpositively curved groups (20F67) Global geometric and topological methods (à la Gromov); differential geometric analysis on metric spaces (53C23) Direct methods ((G)-spaces of Busemann, etc.) (53C70)

Abstract: Let X be a geodesic metric space. Gromov proved that there exists k>0 such that if every sufficiently large triangle T satisfies the Rips condition with constant k times pr(T), where pr(T) is the perimeter T, then X is hyperbolic. We give an elementary proof of this fact, also giving an estimate for k. We also show that if all the triangles T in X satisfy the Rips condition with constant k times pr(T), then X is a real tree. Moreover, we point out how this characterization of hyperbolicity can be used to improve a result by Bonk, and to provide an easy proof of the (well-known) fact that X is hyperbolic if and only if every asymptotic cone of X is a real tree.

Review text

A geodesic metric space \(X\) is called hyperbolic (or \(\delta\)-hyperbolic) if there exists \(\delta \geq 0\) such that every geodesic triangle in \(X\) is \(\delta\)-thin (= satisfies the Rips condition with constant \(\delta\)). Gromov showed that there exists \(\epsilon_0 > 0\) such that if every sufficiently large triangle \(T\) in \(X\) satisfies the Rips condition with constant \(\epsilon_0\cdot\mathrm{pr}(T)\), where \(\mathrm{pr}(T)\) denotes the perimeter of \(T\), then \(X\) is hyperbolic. The authors give a new elementary proof of this fact which, in particular, provides an explicit estimate for \(\epsilon_0\). Related results for real trees and asymptotic cones are also discussed.

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Cited in

(33)

• Characterizations of metric trees and Gromov hyperbolic spaces
• On a classical theorem on the diameter and minimum degree of a graph
• Tracking rates of random walks
• Hyperbolicity in median graphs
• Generalized chordality, vertex separators and hyperbolicity on graphs
• Mathematical properties on the hyperbolicity of interval graphs
• Gromov hyperbolicity in Mycielskian graphs
• The hyperbolicity constant of infinite circulant graphs
• Spaces with almost Euclidean Dehn function
• Several extremal problems on graphs involving the circumference, girth, and hyperbolicity constant
• On the hyperbolicity constant of circular-arc graphs
• Computing the hyperbolicity constant
• Characterization of Gromov hyperbolic short graphs
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• Bounds on the hyperbolicity constant
• An introduction to asymptotic geometry
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• Bounds on Gromov hyperbolicity constant in graphs
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• On the hyperbolicity constant in graphs
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• Chordality properties and hyperbolicity on graphs
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