Closed-form formulas of two Gauss hypergeometric functions of specific parameters

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2024.129024MaRDI QIDQ7031661zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Gradimir V. Milovanović, Feng Qi

Publication date 6 February 2025

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAA.2024.129024

zbMATH Keywords

combinatorial identity Gauss hypergeometric function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Classical hypergeometric functions, ({}_2F_1) (33C05)

Review text

For \(a,b,c\not\in\{0,-1,-2,\ldots\}\) and \(|z|<1\) the Gauss hypergeometric function \( _2F_1(a,b,c;z)\) is defined by \N\[ _2F_1(a,b,c;z)=1+\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{(a)_k(b)_k}{(c)_k} \cdot\frac{z^k}{k!},\] \Nwhere \((x)_k=x(x+1)\cdots(x+k-1)\). In the paper, the authors prove that for \(n\in\{0,1,2,\ldots\}\) and \(0<|z|<1\),\N\[\N _2F_1\Big(n+\frac 12,n+\frac 12,n+\frac 32;-z^2\Big)\N=\frac{2n+1}{z^{2n}} \Big(\frac{\operatorname{arcsinh} z}{z}-\frac 1{(1+z^2)^{\frac{2n-1}2}} \sum_{j=0}^{n-1}\frac{z^{2j}(1+z^2)^{n-1-j}}{2j+1}\Big)\N\]\Nand \N\[ _2F_1\Big(1,n+\frac 12,n+\frac 32;z^2\Big)=\frac{2n+1}{z^{2n}} \Big(\frac{\operatorname{arctanh} z}{z}-\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{z^{2k}}{2k+1}\Big).\] \NIt is easy to see that\N\[\N\frac{z^{2n}}{2n+1}\; _2F_1\Big(1,n+\frac 12,n+\frac 32;z^2\Big)=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{z^{2n+2k}}{2n+2k+1} \]\N\[\N=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{z^{2k}}{2k+1} -\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{z^{2k}}{2k+1}=\frac{\operatorname{arctanh} z}z-\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{z^{2k}}{2k+1}.\N\]\NThus, the authors' result for \( _2F_1(1,n+\frac 12,n+\frac 32;z^2)\) is quite clear.

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